Linux Basic Commands

Linux Basic Commands :- Rules For Commands In LINUX

# Case Sensitive (Lower Case by default).

# Always use single space between objects (Commands, Options, Arguments).

# Always use - or - - before any option.

Example :-

[root@Localhost~]# cmd -a arg

[root@Localhost~]# cmd --for one word like help

[root@Localhost~]# cmd - -help

Press Ctrl + Alt + f1 is GUI Mode in RHEL6

Press Ctrl + Alt + f2 to f7 to command mode, CLI Mode.

Helping Shortcuts :-

Ctrl + B     -     Move the cursor back one character.

Ctrl + C     -     Cancel the running commands.

Ctrl + D     -     Lock out of screen.

Ctrl + F      -     Move the cursor forward.

Ctrl + H     -     Erase one character similar to back space.

Ctrl + P     -      Past previews line.

Ctrl + S     -      Stop all output on screen.

Ctrl + U    -      Erase complete Line.

Ctrl +W    -       Delete the last word type.

Ctrl + Z     -      Cancel current operation.

Ctrl + L     -      Clear Screen.

Directory Commands

#mkdir dir_name	creating directory.
#mkdir /media/fld	creating directory in /media folder.
#mkdir mac linux	creating multiple directory.
#cd	show where are you like pwd.
#cd \ or cd~	come to main directory.
#cd dir_name	change directory.
#cd ..	back one step from working directory.
#cd ../..	back two step from working directory.
#cd -	go to last working directory.
#pwd	print the name of current working dir.

File Commands

#touch file_name	create a blank file.
#touch cent red suse	create multiple files at same time.
#touch linux{1..100}	create linux1 to linux100 names files.
#cat > file_name	creates a files and for saving this file press (ctrl + D).
#cat file_name	see the content of the file.
#cat >> file_name	append the file.
#cat file1 >> file2	copy file2 content into file1.
#cat file1>file2	file2 content overwrite to file1.
#cat file1 file2 > file3	file1 file2 content overwrite in file3.
#cat –n file_name	to see how many lines are written in that file.

Deleting Commands

#rm file_name	deletes a file.
#rm –I file_name	deletes file / folder in interactive mode (asking mode).
#rm –r dir_name	deletes directory in recursive mode.
#rm –f file_name	deletes files / folders forcefully.
#rm a*	delete all file which start letter a.
#rm –rf linux*	remove all files who start linux name.
#rm -rf /cent	remove directory.
#rmdir dir_name	to remove empty directory.

Help Commands

#whatis cmd	information of command
#man cmd	Information of command
#info cmd	information of command
#cmd –help	information of command
#which cmd	information of command
#cd /usr/share/doc	information of command

Rename And Move

#mv old_file  new_file.	rename the file.
#mv filename  path	move the file.

Listing Commands

#ls	listing files / folder.
#Is –l or ll	long listing of files / folder with whole information.
#ls –a	list all files/ folder hidden also.
#ls ?? or ls f?	a all files /folder name with 2 characters.
#ls m*	files & directories started with letter m.
#ls – x	show in column.
#ls –I	show list with Pid (node) no.

Copy Commands

#cp source destination	copies files from source to destination (cp f1 f2).
#cp –i f1 dir_name	copies files from source to destination in asking mode.
#cp –i * destination	copies current working directory all data to  destination.
#cp –r dir_name1 dir_name2	copies directory from source to destination.
#cp f1 f2 f3 dir_name	copy all file to dir_name.

History Commands

#history	see history of recent commands.
#history -c	clear history.

Date, Calendar, Calculator Commands

#date	show system date.
#cal	show calendar or #cal 4 2015.
#cal -3	display 3 months.
#cal 2016	show the 2016 calendar.
#cal 2016|less	show the calendar and can scroll up and down.
#bc	a basic calculator.
#whoami or #w	info which user is login.

File Viewing Commands

#head file1	view top lines of a file.
#head -5 file1	see top ten file contents.
#tail file1	view the bottom lines of a file.
#tail -5 file1	see bottom ten contents.
#less file1	to see a file page wise and can scroll up and down.
#more file1	all contents in screen then use space or enter key move contents.
#evince file11.pdf	to open pdf file.

File Shorting Commands

#sort file1	short file in  a-z format.
#sort –d file1	sort directory format.
#sort –r file1	sort file z-a format.

Word Count Commands

#wc file.txt	show the number of lines, words, characters.
#wc –l file1	number of lines.
#wc –w file1	number of words.
#wc –c file1	number of characters.
#look word	check word spelling.

Different, Common, Compare Commands

#diff file1 file2	difference between two file.
#comm file1 file2	find common these two file.
#cmp file1 file2	show different in these two file.

Finding Commands

#find / -name file1	search word in /.
#find –size 512K /	search a file that size is 512KB /.
#find – name *.html	find all html file in current location.

Grep Commands

#grep word file1	to find word in a file.
#grep -n ‘word’ file1	show line no in which that word.
#grep -w ‘word’|’yo’ file1	show and find two words.
#grep -r ‘word’ /dir/	find a word in directory.
#grep -i ‘some’ file1	show the all word who belong ‘some’ string.
#grep -c ‘you’ file1	show and count the words.
#grep -l ‘some’ *	show all files who have ‘some’ word.

Cut Commands

cut -c 1-4 file_name	show the words 1 to 4 in file.
cut -c 3 file_name	show 3rd word in file.
cut -c 3- file_name	show 3 to last line in file.
cut -c 3-4 file_name	show the words 3 to 4 in file.

Hard Disk Info Commands

#df –h partition	to check free space of a partition.
#du –h partition	to check how much partition is used.
#ps	to check the processing status.

Link Commands

#ln file_name link_file_name	create hard link like ln file1 link_file1.
#ln –s file_name link_file_name	create soft link.

Clear Screen Commands

#clear	clear the screen.
#tput clear	clear the screen.
#tput cup 3 6	cursor move (x)3 (y)6.

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